烧成制度对AlN陶瓷性能及显微结构的影响

为了制备结构致密的Al N陶瓷,在Al N粉末中加入2%(w)的Y2O3,经细磨、造粒、成型烘干后,在热压炉内于氮气气氛中1 800~1 950℃分别保温1~4 h无压烧结制得Al N陶瓷,并研究了烧成温度和保温时间对Al N陶瓷致密度、导热性及显微结构的影响。结果表明:随着烧成温度的提高和保温时间的延长,添加Y2O3的Al N陶瓷的晶粒趋于均匀,显气孔率下降,致密化程度提高;当烧成温度为1 850℃,保温时间达到2 h时,Al N陶瓷的相对密度达到99.8%,热导率达到94.8 W·(m·K)-1。     

UV–944对聚酰胺6抗紫外光老化和热氧稳定性的影响

在己内酰胺开环水解过程中,加入一定量的聚{[6-[(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)氨基]]-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-[(2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶基)亚氨基]-1,6-己二撑[(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)亚氨基]}(UV–944),合成改性聚酰胺6。研究了UV–944对聚酰胺6光稳定性、热氧稳定性和末端氨基含量的影响。结果表明,UV–944的加入能明显提高聚酰胺6的耐紫外光老化及热氧稳定性,在空气氛围下的起始分解温度提高28℃左右;在185℃老化0.5 h后,改性聚酰胺6的相对黏度下降极低(UV–944质量分数为0.05%时,相对黏度仅下降了3.1%),热氧稳定性明显得到改善。同时,聚酰胺6的末端氨基含量增加,加入UV–944质量分数分别为0.05%,0.2%时,聚酰胺6的末端氨基含量比纯聚酰胺6提高5.1,18.7 mmol/kg,对染色性能明显有所改善。而UV–944对聚酰胺6的热稳定性、熔融温度与结晶温度影响不大。     

导热PE-LD复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用低密度聚乙烯(PE-LD)为基体材料,石墨、Al N为导热填充材料,通过双辊混炼、模压制备了导热复合材料,并对该复合材料的导热性能、力学性能、热行为进行了分析。结果表明,随着石墨或Al N含量的增加,PE-LD/石墨复合材料和PE-LD/Al N复合材料的热导率逐渐增大;PE-LD/石墨复合材料的热导率高于PE-LD/Al N复合材料的热导率。当石墨与Al N的总质量分数为50%、石墨与Al N的质量比为4∶1时,PE-LD/石墨/Al N复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度均达到最大值,分别为12.8,17.15 MPa;此时PE-LD/石墨/Al N复合材料的热导率达到最大值,为0.618 W/(m·K),略低于添加质量分数50%的石墨时的PE-LD/石墨复合材料的热导率[0.634 W/(m·K)];当石墨与Al N质量比为1∶4时,PE-LD/石墨/Al N复合材料的热导率为0.488 W/(m·K),高于只添加质量分数50%Al N的PE-LD/Al N复合材料的热导率[0.410 W/(m·K)]。当石墨和Al N总质量分数为50%时,随着Al N含量的增加,PE-LD的结晶度增大。     

磷–氮膨胀型阻燃剂复配协同阻燃聚甲醛的研究

采用磷–氮复配膨胀型阻燃剂(50A)与酚醛树脂(PF)进行复配,研究了不同配比对聚甲醛(POM)的阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。通过垂直燃烧试验、极限氧指数法、热重分析研究了复配阻燃剂对POM的阻燃作用,并对阻燃POM材料燃烧后的残炭进行红外分析。结果表明,采用50A/PF复配的阻燃POM材料的垂直燃烧级别达到UL94 V–1级,极限氧指数可达26.7%;热重分析显示,阻燃POM材料在800℃时的残炭率显著提高;红外光谱分析证实了50A与PF在POM中有良好的协效阻燃作用。     

碳溶反应温度对高反应性焦炭热态性能的影响

以钢渣为催化剂添加至焦煤中制备高反应性焦炭,研究碳溶反应温度对焦炭热态性能的影响及焦炭反应后的结构变化。结果表明,添加钢渣后,焦炭的反应性提高;随着碳溶反应温度的升高,焦炭的反应性呈线性增加,而反应后强度先缓慢降低然后迅速劣化;焦炭反应后的比表面积先增大而后减小。     

消防服用多层织物的热防护性能

研究了消防服用多层织物的热防护性能,对单层织物的热防护性能及十种多层组合织物的热防护性能分别进行了研究分析,得出以下结论:就单层纤维成分相同的阻燃面料而言,热防护系数(TPP)值与织物的厚度、面密度具有显著的正相关性;多层组合织物中,外层及防水透湿层为覆聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)膜的阻燃帆布、隔热层为芳纶1313针刺毡、舒适层为芳纶-阻燃黏胶的8#样品的防护性能最好,就阻燃防护性能方面而言,是最适合用于消防员灭火消防服的面料。     

Microstructure and electrical conductivity of Mo/TiN composite powder for alkali metal thermal to electric converter electrodes

A Mo/TiN composite powder has been synthesized by a sol–gel method to improve the electrical performance and microstructural stability of the alkali metal thermal to electric converter electrode. The core (TiN)–shell (Mo) structure of the composite powder is confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The composite powder is primarily composed of submicron (400–800 nm) particles that are coated on a core (>3–5 μm) particle. The Mo/TiN composite electrode exhibits high electrical conductivities of 1000 Scm⁻¹ at 300 °C and 260 Scm⁻¹ at 700  °C in an Ar atmosphere. The electrode exhibits excellent tolerance against grain growth during thermal cycling tests (R.T.↔800 °C), where the average growth rate of Mo grains in the Mo/TiN composite electrodes is controlled less than 0.5%/time (0.62→0.65 μm), while the growth rate in Mo electrodes is 306.7%/time (0.24→3.92 μm). It can be concluded that the Mo/TiN composite powder will suppress the degradation of the electrode and enhance the performance and durability of the unit cell at elevated temperatures.     

Possibilities of the Computer-Controlled Detonation Spraying method: A chemistry viewpoint

This article is aimed to discuss the chemical aspects of detonation spraying of powder materials. In this method of coating deposition, ceramic, metallic or composite powders are injected into the barrel of a detonation gun filled with an explosive gaseous mixture. When the latter is ignited, the powders are heated and accelerated toward the substrate. Subjected to high temperatures, the powders are prone to chemical reactions, the reaction products possibly becoming the major phase constituents of the coatings. What types of reactions are possible? Can these reactions be carried out in a controlled manner? We answer these questions considering the interactions of the sprayed powders with the gaseous environment of the barrel as well as those between the phases of a composite feedstock powder. In Computer-Controlled Detonation Spraying (CCDS), the explosive charge and stoichiometry of the fuel-oxygen mixtures are precisely measured and can be flexibly changed. Our studies demonstrate that with the introduction of a highly flexible process of CCDS, detonation spraying has entered a new development stage, at which it can be considered as a powerful method of composition and microstructure tailoring of thermally sprayed coatings. During CCDS of TiO₂-containing powders, chemical reduction of titanium dioxide can be carried out to different levels to form either oxygen-deficient TiO_2−x or Ti₃O₅ suboxide. CCDS of Ti₃Al can produce titanium oxide coatings when oxidation by the detonation products dominates or titanium nitride-titanium aluminide coatings when oxidation is hindered but the interaction of the powders with nitrogen—a carrier gas component—is favored. During detonation spraying of Ti₃SiC₂–Cu composites, the Ti₃SiC₂ phase is preserved only in cold conditions; otherwise, Si de-intercalates from the Ti₃SiC₂ phase and dissolves in Cu resulting in the formation of the TiC_x–Cu(Si) composite coatings.     

Biobased dimer fatty acid containing two pack polyurethane for wood finished coatings

Novel two pack polyurethane wood finished coatings are prepared from renewable sources, such as vegetable oil based fatty acid and dimer fatty acid. In actual experimental part oleic acid was reacted with diethanolamine to obtain amide which was on condensation polymerization with dimer fatty acid converted into the polyesteramide polyol. These are all being used to prepare polyurethanes. The functional and structural elucidation of dimer fatty acid based polyesteramide and diethanolamide were carried out by end group analysis, spectral studies such as FTIR and ¹H NMR. Average molar masses of the polyesteramide were estimated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The polyesteramide was used in the preparation of wood finished polyurethane coatings by reacting it with aromatic diisocyanates. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to study the thermal behavior of coatings. Physico-chemical and coating properties of the coatings were investigated by using standard methods. The results indicated that the bio-based wood finished PU coatings provided good mechanical, weather resistance as well possessed adequate coating properties for wood surface protections.     

New printing inks with barrier performance for packaging applications: Design and investigation

Barrier properties of packaging materials against moisture and oxygen penetration are of high relevance. Enhanced protection of existing materials against weather conditions can be achieved by application of printed coatings. To improve barrier performance of packaging materials, new inks for obtaining printed coatings with a layered structure were developed and investigated. The proposed ink compositions for flexographic printing on paper substrates are based on an environmentally friendly acrylic binder and contain inorganic fillers with platelet particles incorporated in the polymer matrix. Coatings based on the developed printing inks demonstrate significantly decreased water vapour permeability compared to traditional polymer inks. The effect of decreased permeability was investigated considering inks rheological behaviour, the coating structure, mechanical properties, surface energy and water uptake for different ink formulations. The developed inks provide variable optical properties including coatings with a relatively high transparency. The development of the functional barrier inks contributes to saving natural resources by prolonging life performance of packaging materials and goods.